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Uses a set of four quantum numbers to
describe location and behavior of an electron

in atoms.

1,2,3.. or K, L, M.. are used to designate
the major energy level of an electron.

An electron with a first quantum level
Principal Energy Level (n) number of 2 or L is in the second energy

s, p, d, f... are used to indicate the sublevel
of an electron within a principal energy level.

Sublevel of an Electron The difference between the sublevels is the

shape of their orbitals.

number of electrons s sublevel is always the first in any principal
energy level.

sublevel
principal energy level s sublevels have spherical shape.

p sublevel is always next in any level.
p sublevels have dumbbell-like shape
(c) E3 Scholastic Publishing

Shapes of d, f, g and h sublevels are too
complex, and will not be discussed here.

x, y and z are used too describe the orbital
(probable location) of an electron within a
sublevel.

Orbital (Probable Location)
2px, 2py, and 2pz describe the three p
orbitals of the second energy level.
s sublevels (regardless of the energy level)

have 1 orbital.
p sublevels have 3 orbitals.

d sublevels have 5 orbitals.

Each orbital, regardless of the sublevel,

can hold a maximum of two electrons.

In full orbitals, the two electrons must spin
in opposite directions to overcome

Spin Direction of an Electron like-charge repulsion.

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